Skin cancer primarily develops in areas that are highly exposed to the sun and for longer hours. However, it is not impossible for the condition to occur in areas that barely are exposed to sunlight. The symptoms of skin cancer could look like they’ve come from some kind of skin infection but if gone unnoticed, it can cause a lot of harm. Understanding the signs and detecting them at an early stage can be of great help. The symptoms of the major types of skin cancers are as follows: Basal cell carcinoma: These usually start off by appearing as sores that won’t heal. They have the appearance of either a pearly white or pink or skin-colored bump which is translucent and most commonly appear on the ears or the face. Small blood vessels can be visible through the bump. These lesions could also open, bleed out and scab over. A lesion of either black, blue or brown color with a raised appearance and a translucent border could be another symptom of this cancer. Lesions can also appear as white and waxy with a scar-like appearance and no clear border. Lesions that appear like that occur due to morpheaform basal cell carcinoma and are usually rare.

All types of cancers are treated by one or more of the normal methods of treatment. While some side effects go away as the patient’s overall health improves, some side effects have a delayed impact. The high amount of steroids, anti-cancer medication, and the other therapies could lead to some long-term side effects like: Removal of an organ due to surgery leads to disruption and complications in normal bodily functions. Removal of a limb could lead to restricted mobility and emotional issues. Women could feel the early onset of menopause due to hormonal changes The onset of osteoporosis resulting in joint pain. Loss of bladder control. Infertility. Changes in thyroid levels. Loss of hearing and vision problems if high doses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been used. Damage to the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Peripheral neuropathy resulting in memory and attention problems. Apart from these, patients are at a higher risk of side effects that can lead to cardiovascular conditions and lung disease. Side effects that affect the heart Radiotherapy to the chest and medications used for chemotherapy can cause heart problems. Those who are at higher risk of heart complications are: Older people. Those who have received multiple doses of chemotherapy.

When an individual is diagnosed with colon cancer, the first task at hand for the doctor is to determine the stage of cancer. This is essential in deciding the action plan for the treatment procedures as various stages require various approaches. Each stage might have further subcategories to provide more information about the extent of the disease. Colon cancer is divided into 4 stages in the following way: Stage 0: In this stage, cancer has not grown beyond the innermost layer of the colon or the mucosa. This is the earliest form of colon cancer. Stage 1: In this stage, cancer has grown beyond the innermost layer of the colon or the mucosa. The affected cells have also spread to the inner layer of the colon, which is also called the submucosa. However, cancer has not extended to the lymph nodes at this stage. Stage 2: This is a more severe stage of colon cancer. In this stage, cancer has spread beyond the mucosal layer and the submucosal layer of the colon. Based on how far the disease has spread, this stage is further categorized into three subcategories as follows: Stage 2A: This stage explains that cancer has not yet spread to the lymph nodes and has only expanded until the other layers of the colon.

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and prevents the body from being able to fight infections. There are various types of this cancer and their symptoms are as follows: Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) This is most common in children under the age of 15 and it also affects people between the ages of 15 and 45. The initial symptoms look more like that of a common flu and can be misleading. They are as follows. Fever accompanied by headache and body ache Fatigue and tiredness Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite and unexplained loss of weight Frequent infections Bleeding gums Nosebleeds Swollen lymph nodes in the stomach, groin, neck, and underarm can be seen if leukemia spreads to the lymph nodes. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) This type of leukemia happens when the bone marrow produces immature cells and when it makes abnormal red blood cells and platelets. There are about eight types of AML depending on which component of the blood is affected. However, in all types, the number of healthy cells is always lesser than immature or abnormal ones. Symptoms of these types of AML are: Fever Frequent infections: Since the white blood cells are not able to fight against infection, one can be easily prone to infection by any germs, bacteria or virus.

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck. It is an endocrine gland and is responsible for producing hormones. The overproduction or underproduction of thyroid hormones can lead to a variety of thyroid diseases. These diseases can have various symptoms and while they aren’t necessarily life-threatening, they can lead to a very poor quality of life if left unchecked. It is also essential to treat these diseases as soon as possible so that they do not lead to any other complications. The following are the methods of diagnosis and treatment for different types of thyroid diseases, along with their causes and symptoms: Hyperthyroidism: A blood test is used to measure the level of thyroxine (thyroid hormone) and thyroid-stimulating hormone. High thyroxine and low thyroid-stimulating hormone levels are an indication of an overactive thyroid gland. To treat this condition, antithyroid medications such as methimazole are given to prevent the overproduction of these hormones. Surgery can also be done for the removal of the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism: Similar to the previous condition, a blood test will be performed for diagnosis. Low thyroxine levels and high thyroid-stimulating hormone levels indicate an underactive thyroid gland. As the thyroid hormone is produced in lower quantities in this condition, the treatment option is to take thyroid hormone pills.